CONTENTS :

Unit I: Introduction and Basic Constructs

• Basics of C: History of C, basic structure of a C program, compilation process (role of linker/preprocessor), and execution.
• C Tokens: Identifiers, keywords, constants, and variables.
• Data Types: int, char, float, double, and fixed-width integers.
• Operators: Arithmetic, relational, logical, bitwise, assignment, and conditional (ternary) operators.
• Expressions: Operator precedence and associativity, type conversions (implicit and explicit casting).
• Input/Output: printf, scanf, and format specifiers.
• Control Flow:
• Conditional: if, if-else, switch-case.
• Iterative (Loops): for, while, do-while, and infinite loops.
• Jump Statements: break, continue, goto, and return.

Unit II: Functions and Storage Classes

• Functions: Declaration, definition, and invocation (calling).
• Parameter Passing: Call by value and call by reference (using pointers).
• Recursion: Concept and implementation of recursive functions.
• Inline Functions: Use of inline and macro functions.
• Storage Classes: auto, static, extern, register, and thread_local.
• Scope and Lifetime: Understanding local vs. global scope and variable lifespan.
• Modular Design: Header files and multi-file programming.

Unit III: Arrays, Pointers, and Memory

• Arrays: One-dimensional and two-dimensional arrays, declaration, and memory representation.
• Pointers: Pointer basics, pointer arithmetic, pointers to pointers, and generic pointers (void *).
• Arrays vs. Pointers: Relationship between array names and pointers.
• Dynamic Memory Allocation: malloc(), calloc(), realloc(), and free().
• Strings: Character arrays, string handling library functions (string.h), and inputting variable-length strings.

Unit IV: User-Defined Data Types and Files

• Structures: Definition, nested structures, array of structures, and pointers to structures.
• Unions: Difference between structures and unions, memory layout, and use cases.
• Enums and Typedef: Enumerated data types and creating type aliases.
• Bit Fields: Memory optimization using bit-level storage.
• File Handling: * Concept of streams and file types (Text vs. Binary).
• Standard I/O functions: fopen, fclose, fread, fwrite, fprintf, fscanf.
• Standard Libraries: Familiarity with stdio.h, stdlib.h, math.h, and time.h.