Unit I: Introduction to OOP and C++ Basics

• OOP Paradigm: Evolution of programming paradigms; Comparison between Procedural and Object-Oriented Programming; Basic concepts of OOP (Encapsulation, Abstraction, Inheritance, Polymorphism).
• C++ Fundamentals: Tokens, expressions, and control structures; Difference between C and C++.
• Memory Management: Reference variables; Operators new and delete for dynamic memory allocation.
• Functions in C++: Function prototyping, inline functions, default arguments, const arguments, and function overloading.

Unit II: Classes and Objects

• Class Specification: Defining classes and member functions; Access specifiers (public, private, protected).
• Objects: Memory allocation for objects; Static data members and static member functions.
• Advanced Member Access: Array of objects; Objects as function arguments; Returning objects; Friend functions and Friend classes.
• Constructors and Destructors: Default, Parameterized, and Copy constructors; Constructor overloading; Dynamic constructors; Destructors and their timing in memory management.

Unit III: Inheritance and Polymorphism

• Inheritance: Types of inheritance (Single, Multiple, Multilevel, Hierarchical, Hybrid); Defining derived classes; Member accessibility in derivation; Virtual Base Classes (solving the Diamond Problem).
• Pointers and Virtual Functions: Pointers to objects; this pointer; Pointers to derived classes.
• Polymorphism: * Compile-time: Function and Operator Overloading (overloading unary and binary operators).
• Run-time: Virtual functions and Pure Virtual functions; Abstract classes.

Unit IV: Files, Templates, and Exception Handling

• Managing Console I/O: C++ stream classes; Unformatted and formatted I/O operations; Managing output with manipulators.
• File Handling: Classes for file stream operations; Opening and closing a file; Sequential and Random access; Command-line arguments.
• Templates: Function templates and Class templates; Templates with multiple parameters.
• Exception Handling: Basics of exception handling; try, throw, and catch blocks; Multiple catching; Re-throwing an exception.
• Standard Template Library (STL): Introduction to Containers, Algorithms, and Iterators (fundamental overview).